http://n.pr/xmmMz7

居然就这样死了？唉

2011年12月31日

The Chinese New Year begins on Jan. 23. On that day, people will celebrate the Year of the Dragon in Chinatowns across the country. 今年的中国农历新年是1月23日。 在那天， 美国各地的中国城都会有各种各样的庆祝活动，比如舞龙舞狮。

Rebecca Sheir/NPR One former resident of New York City's Chinatown says just about everything there costs too much nowadays.

The neighborhoods known as Chinatowns sprang up in the U.S. during the Gold Rush. But since then, they’ve seen gradual yet significant changes — not so noticeable to the average visitor, perhaps, but quite drastic to those who’ve called these communities home.

唐人街兴起在美国淘金热时期。但自那时以来，整个社区已经显示出了量变虽然尚未质变。这些变化对于 一般游客，也许不那么明显，但对于那些已经称这里为家的人来说，是相当显著的。

To find out more, weekends on All Things Considered guest host Rebecca Sheir visited the nation’s biggest Chinatown, in New York City. We began on the unofficial main street, Mott Street: a narrow but bustling thoroughfare lined with souvenir shops, teahouses and restaurants, and packed to the gills with people.

为了要对这些变化有更深刻的了解， All Things Considered周末版主播Rebecca Sheir前往了美国最大的唐人街-纽约市的唐人街。我们从莫特街出发。莫特街是一条狭窄但繁华的街道，一路上有不少纪念品商店，茶楼，餐馆以及熙熙攘攘的人流。

Bonnie Tsui, the author of American Chinatown: A People’s History of Five Neighborhoods, served as our guide. She got to know Manhattan’s Chinatown at a very early age.

崔 邦尼是我们在这里的“导游”。她很小的时候就很熟悉曼哈顿的中国城。

“I was baptized here [at the Church of the Transfiguration], and all the members of my family were,” Tsui tells Sheir. “The adjacent street is the funeral row, so it all begins and ends here for a lot of Chinese Americans.”

她说，“我以及我全家都是在这里受洗的。教会的后面有一片墓地。所以可以说很多在美国的华人就是生在这里，葬在这里的。”

A Changing Demographic  一个不断变化的人口

The church used to offer services solely in Cantonese, the dialect that dominated North America’s Chinatowns for decades. But these days, the church presents services in Mandarin, too — which Tsui says reflects Chinatown’s current population. 这里的教会曾经只是用粤语这个在北美华人中广泛使用的语言为周日崇拜时使用的语言。但是近几年普通话开始逐渐流行起来。崔说，因为中国城的人口构成逐渐变化了。

In addition to Mandarin and Cantonese, she says, visitors may hear Toisanese, a subdialect of the Canton province, and even Fujianese. 除此之外，台山话和福州话也十分流行。

Another big change, she says, is with industry. Traditionally, Chinatown’s twin trades were clothing and food.

另外一个重要的变化是在中国城里面的各种产业。 传统来说，中国城有两个重要的贸易来源，衣服和食物。

“Of course, the garment industry is sort of dying off a little bit now, but for a long time it basically employed all of the women in Chinatown,” Tsui says. Her grandmother worked as a seamstress, and her grandfather worked in a fortune cookie factory where he hand-folded the cookies.

崔说，“制衣业近些年逐步淡出。但这个行业曾经给生活在中国城里面的妇女提供了充足的就业机会。”崔的祖母就曾是一个裁缝。而她的祖父曾经在工厂里面制作幸运饼干。

The garment industry may have shrunk, but the food business is going strong — from groceries and markets to restaurants. But not all of Chinatown’s food establishments are Chinese.

制衣业逐步消失了，但食品业却空前发达。 从食杂铺，超级市场到餐厅，一有尽有。但是，在中国城里面经营食品生意的却不全都是中国人。

Tsui points out a Mexican restaurant that bears the sign of a now-gone Vietnamese eatery, explaining that you can think of Chinatown as a “revolving door.”

崔指着一家由墨西哥人经营的越南餐馆举了个例子。她认为，你可以把唐人街当作一扇旋转门。

“One thing to note about Chinatown is that it welcomed Chinese immigrants in its history and all the Chinatowns across the country. For example, the one in Los Angeles became a welcoming spot for Southeast Asian immigrants, Vietnamese, Cambodian, Thai.”

“唐人街曾经是中国来的移民来到美国的第一站。 这是全美国各个地方的唐人街曾经担当的重要功能。但现在，比如洛杉矶的唐人街渐渐的变成一些东南亚移民在美国的一个落脚点。”

On any given day, people gather in Columbus Park to play board games and listen to live music. Tsui calls the park Chinatown’s “living room.”

每一天，都会有许多人到曼哈顿唐人街的哥伦布公园。他们在那里玩棋牌游戏，或者听戏曲。崔说，这个唐人街的公园就好象是大家共有的客厅一有。

“You know, a lot of the apartments are so small that people come outside and hang out, and it’s wonderful to see life go by,” she says.

因为有很多人的公寓房实在是很小。所以人们不得已要到室外来活动。在这个公园，你会看到各式各样的生活方式在这里流逝。

A woman named Kitty has been coming to the park for decades. She moved to Chinatown from Canton province in 1969, and says the biggest change she’s seen in the neighborhood is that “the food no good.”

有一个自称凯提的女人已经在这个公园里面度过了20年时光。她是1969年从广东来到美国的。她觉得整个社区最大的变化就是食物不如从前了。

But not just the quality of the food — the price, too. Kitty says just about everything costs too much nowadays.

她说，不仅仅是食物的质量，价格也比以前贵了许多。在凯提的眼里，这里的所有东西都贵了不少，比如房租，水电和物业税。

“Like the rent, too high, the water too expensive, heat too expensive, property tax too expensive,” Kitty says.

Which is why Kitty eventually left Manhattan’s Chinatown for the less pricey Flushing, Queens, what Tsui calls a “satellite Chinatown.”

凯提最终离开了曼哈顿的唐人街，搬到了一个生活成本相对较低的法拉盛中国城。崔把法拉盛的中国城叫做唐人街的卫星城。

But while this relocation might benefit the people departing, Tsui says it’s not so great for the urban center they’re leaving behind. Washington, D.C.’s Chinatown has been fading for years. San Francisco’s is seeing increasing outward migration. And as for New York’s, Tsui goes so far as to say it’s “fighting for its life.”

虽然搬家可能在经济上有利于那些离开的人，但是那些留在他们身后的城镇中心却慢慢的萧条了。 华盛顿的唐人街早已渐渐消失。旧金山唐人街的人口也逐渐减少。至于纽约市的唐人街，依然在为存在挣扎着。

“When the working class starts moving out of a neighborhood, it loses that vitality,” Tsui says. “And there are different pressures not just of rising rents, but also the relationship between Chinatown and China is changing.”

“当劳动力开始逐渐搬离这个社区的时候，这个社区逐渐就失去了活力。 产生这种压力的，不仅仅是房租上涨，去也还有中国和唐人街之间微妙的关系。”

Sea Turtles 海归

This relationship has to do with the economies of the U.S. and China. The International Monetary Fund predicts China’s economy will be bigger than America’s by 2016. And that means more work and higher wages for people back home.

这些微妙的变化与中美经济是密切关系的。 国际货币基金（IMF）预测中国的经济总量有望在2016年超越美国。 这也意味在中国有可能可以提供更多的机会与收入。

This has led to migration back to China as even more well-off people who come to America for an education also head back. There’s even a term for them: “sea turtles.”

这也就使得有一部分人甚至是那些到美国来接受高等教育的人回到中国。他们被成为海归。

They have been lured back to China by the Chinese government with cash bonuses, financial aid, tax breaks and housing assistance.

中国政府也对部分留美的高端人才提供各种优惠以吸引他们回去中国。 这包括现金奖励，税务减免或者是住房补贴。

“Before it would have been a no-brainer that they would have stayed in the U.S., and you know now it is just not a given, there’s competition,” Tsui says.

崔说，曾经人们是不假思索的决定留在美国，但现在这就是不一定的事了。回去还是不回去是有竞争的。

There was a 17 percent drop in the population of New York City’s Chinatown over the past decade, and Tsui says this may point to Chinatown becoming more of a “cultural and symbolic touchstone” as it has for many Chinese Americans.

在过去的十年中， 纽约市的唐人街人口下降了17%。唐人街渐渐的变成了一种象征，而不再是那曾经养育着很多华人的地方了。

“Maybe it becomes less of a functional, living, working, daily life kind of place that at least like New York City’s Chinatown has always been,” Tsui says. “What is the future of Chinatown? We don’t know, but these are important things to look at as we move forward.”

“也许唐人街不会再是以前那样一个在美国的华人的生老病死的地方”，崔说“未来的唐人街将走向何方？我不知道，但是这是我们在向前发展的时候需要探索的一个重要问题。”

就是这个，我当年还特地跑去芝加哥看现场的，现在上电视了啊

Who Are The Young Farmers Of ‘Generation Organic’?

December 12, 2011

by Dan Charles

For decades, as young people have been leaving farms behind, the average age of the American farmer has been rising. The last time the government counted farmers, in 2002, the average farmer was 55-years-old.

But there’s a new surge of youthful vigor into American agriculture — at least in the corner of it devoted to organic, local food. Thousands of young people who’ve never farmed before are trying it out.

Some 250 of them gathered recently at a gorgeous estate in the Hudson River valley of New York: the Stone Barns Center for Food and Agriculture in Tarrytown.

Some of these young farmers already have their own farms. Some are apprentices, working on more established farms for a year or two. And others are still just thinking about it. But the overwhelming majority of farmers here at this conference want to farm without chemical fertilizers or pesticides.

They were there to learn skills — from seminars on soil fertility, handling sheep, and how to find affordable land — and just as importantly, to meet each other. In the evening, they played music and danced.

They represent a new breed of farmer. Very few of them grew up on farms. Most of them went to college. And now, they want to grow vegetables, or feed pigs.

I had to ask them: “Why?”

Some talk about what they hope to accomplish.

“It was born out of a concern for the environment,” says Brian Bates, who plans to work at a farm in northern Michigan after he graduates from Penn State. “I spent the first two years of college with one question in mind – basically, how can I have the greatest impact in my life in the world. And the thing that I kept coming back to, that everyone connected to, was food.”

Steven “Shepsi” Eaton and Liz Moran are expecting a baby and say they hope to start their own farm soon. “[Farming] isn’t to make a living,” Moran says. “It’s to create a certain lifestyle for myself and for the people around me”.

Enlarge Maggie Starbard/NPR

Steven “Shepsi” Eaton and Liz Moran are expecting a baby and say they hope to start their own farm soon. “[Farming] isn’t to make a living,” Moran says. “It’s to create a certain lifestyle for myself and for the people around me”.

Others say that they simply enjoy the work, the style of agrarian life, and the connection to food.

“I feel lost when I’m not farming, when I’m not out in the field. It’s where I find the most peace and harmony in my life,” says Liz Moran, who helps manage Quail Hill Farm in the eastern end of Long Island, New York.

“When I look around, and you’re amongst the plants and the sunshine – that’s my office, that’s where I want to be,” said Rodger Phillips, who grows food on an urban farm in Hartford, Conn.

Others talk about the satisfaction of doing something practical, creating something valuable. “Having a skill was really important to me. Having studied political science, I wanted to do something that was productive, that was real. To have a real skill, and be able to provide my family, my community, a vital element,” says Kristin Carbone, who runs Radix Farm in Upper Marlboro, Maryland.

And then there was Lindsey Shute. “How did I get into farming? Because I started dating a farmer!” she says with a laugh.

This is an idealistic crowd; nobody says that they’re doing it to make money. Some describe their farming as a kind of protest against the idea that success means a big paycheck, or as a protest against an economy dominated by big corporations.

Lindsey Shute’s husband Ben has been running his own farm in Tivoli, New York, for ten years now. He says that the great thing about farming is that it’s a really practical form of idealism. “It’s all well and good – and important – to have political opinions, and protest, and things like that. But when you’re farming, you get to live your values, and farm the world that you want to see,” he says.

Nobody knows exactly how many young farmers like this there are. They certainly don’t produce more than a tiny sliver of the country’s food. But they do seem to be part of a real social movement. Organic farmers who used to spend part of the winter recruiting workers for the next summer now are turning people away.

This conference, which started four years ago, sells out. This year, it sold out months ahead of time.

But along with the enthusiasm, I heard uncertainty and even some anxiety — about making enough money, or whether they were quite ready to settle in one place for good. Many said that their parents wish they were doing something else – something less risky, and better-paying.

It made me wonder whether they’ll really be able to stick with it.

So for a little perspective on this generation, I looked up a real old-timer of the local, organic food movement: Jim Crawford, who runs New Morning Farm, in south-central Pennsylvania. On weekends, he gets up before 4 a.m. and brings vegetables to markets in Washington, D.C.

When Crawford looks at today’s new generation of would-be farmers, he sees himself, when he was younger. “I had exactly the same things in my head forty years ago,” says. “Exactly the same.”

In 1972, Crawford was in law school in Washington, D.C., and working on Capitol Hill, but not enjoying it much. Through happenstance, he ended up running a vegetable garden in West Virginia one summer. He really liked it, and got got more serious about it. But soon the summer was over.

“I didn’t really want to go back to law school in the city, but I knew I had to,” he recalls. “So I went back, and I walked into law school … and I said, ‘I’m just not going to do this! I’m going to go the other way!’ So I went back out outside, and went back out [to West Virginia].”

Farming — the work, and the independence, and the connection to something as important and real as soil and food — was the one thing that he wanted to throw himself into. And he’s been doing it ever since. But it wasn’t always a big happy folk dance.

“I can remember feeling kind of desperate, and having many failures, a lot of failures, in the first couple of years of growing crops and not really knowing what I was doing,” he says.

But there’s one thing he had, and it’s a big reason why he’s still farming. He loved the business side of it: finding customers and making a living on his own.

That sense of farming as a business is probably the biggest thing the young farmers have to learn, he says. It’s what he preaches to the young apprentices who come to his farm to work. (He’s had more than 200 such apprentices over the years.)

Ideals are great, he tells them. “But if you’re going to stick with it, and expect to make a living at it, you’ve got to be realistic about the business aspects: Money, and managing money, and borrowing money, and all the things that a business person has to do. And you have to accept that, and learn to like that – somewhat, at least – and be willing to be good at that.”

That may mean compromises, he says. Maybe it means burning a little more fossil fuel, so you can get your vegetables to a city, where people pay higher prices.

That’s OK, Crawford says. Making tradeoffs, but holding onto what’s most important – that’s what growing up is all about.

通过Who Are The Young Farmers Of ‘Generation Organic’? : The Salt : NPR.

451:Back to Penn State |This American LIfe

它吃了一口，

咬一咬，放下来

再吞，终于吞下去了，

搽干净

SUNY walkout 8 min

SUNY walkout 8 min

Call 911 IMMEDIATELY if you suspect a stroke!

Warning signs can include

• Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body
• Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding
• Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes
• Sudden difficulty walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination
• Sudden, severe headache with no known cause

Call 911 NOW if one or more of these warning signs are present.

A stroke is a medical emergency!

If given within three hours of the start of symptoms, a clot-busting drug called tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) can reduce long-term disability for the most common type of stroke.

Download and print this fact sheet (PDF) to learn the warning signs.

What are the key points to remember?

• Reduce your chances of having a stroke by learning the risk factors and working with your doctor to help reduce your risk.

• Recognize the warning signs of a stroke. Stroke is a medical emergency. Every second counts!

• Respond by calling 9-1-1 immediately if you or someone close to you is having warning signs of stroke. Then check the time. When did the first symptom start? You’ll be asked this important question later.

测试条件：电脑连手机上网。

信号2/3